文：眼底城事編輯室
相信只要對都市研究有興趣的朋友，多少都聽過珍雅各與其經典名作「偉大都市的誕生與衰亡」，但鮮少人知道威廉懷特(William H. Whyte)才是真正影響珍雅各與眾多都市空間研究者的導師。
威廉懷特(William Whyte)是一位美國的都市學專家，專長都市空間的社會生活觀察。懷特原本是一名著作銷量百萬的組織管理學大師，卻在生涯的巔峰將注意力轉往研究都市生活中的人類行為，在1960年代末期，懷特與紐約市規劃局合作，研究在都市中生活的人們如何使用都市空間，透過使用相機、攝影機、筆記等記錄方式，客觀的描述、記錄並分析都市中的公共空間如：街道、廣場、公園與其他的開放空間如何被市民所使用；奠基在大量的觀察樣本上，懷特發現小型的都市公共空間構成城市裡相當重要的生活舞台，而人行道則是串連都市生活的河流，因此認為這些小型的都市空間是城市中無價的珍貴存在。這樣的主張在50年前的紐約市不僅前衛，也的響後來許多世界各地的都市空間研究，如珍雅各與紐約市著名研究公共空間的非營利組織Project of Public Space，皆為懷特當年的助手與協助合作的對象。即使將懷特的主張應用在今日的都市空間觀察，仍然隨處可見印證其理論。
懷特於1980年出版「小都市空間的社會生活」（The Social Life of Small Urban Space）一書，並在1988年發表同名紀錄片[註1]，詳實的紀錄紐約市公共空間與市民社會生活的關係。眼底城事在新的一年與荷蘭The city at eye level計畫合作，隔週刊登威廉懷特在「小都市空間的社會生活」中所摘錄的公共空間觀察，複習經典，也用新的眼光來看在地球另一端的亞洲城市空間，與懷特眼中的紐約是否有共通之處。
註1： Internet Archive為一非營利組織，為大眾提供合法可免費使用的網路圖書館。
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